Quantification and correction of respiration induced dynamic field map changes in fMRI using 3D single shot techniques

Abstract

Purpose Respiration induced dynamic field map changes in the brain are quantified and the influence on the magnitude signal (physiological noise) is investigated. Dynamic off-resonance correction allows to reduce the signal fluctuations overlaying the blood oxygenation level dependent signal in T2*-weighted functional imaging. Theory and Methods A single-shot whole brain imaging technique with 100 ms temporal resolution was used to measure dynamic off-resonance maps that were calculated from the incremental changes of the image phase. These off-resonance maps are then used to dynamically update the off-resonance corrected reconstruction. Results A global resonance offset and a pronounced gradient in head-foot direction were identified as the main components of the change during a respiration cycle. On average, correction for these fluctuations decreases the magnitude fluctuations by around 30%. Conclusion Single shot 3D imaging allows for a robust quantification of dynamic off-resonance changes in the brain. Correction for these fluctuations removes the physiological noise component associated with dynamic point spread function changes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.