Stand Regeneration Characteristics of Beech and Fir Forests in Gorski Kotar Region

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the workshop is to provide an in-depth examination of the intervention techniques that have been shown to impact psychological risk factors for adverse pain outcomes. The workshop will highlight how these techniques might be applied to diverse pain conditions such as chronic pelvic pain, and chronic back and neck pain. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand, the need for and the basic principles of risk'factor targeted interventions for chronic pain. 2. To differentiate pertinent psychosocial predictors for disease states such as CP/CPPS as well as injuries due to work-related or accident associated initiators, and be familiar with clinical application and assessment suggestions. 3. To recognize the benefit and pitfalls of standardized interventions as well as several common clinical roadblocks along with suggestions for management. BACKGROUND: Research suggests that approximately one-third of North Americans experience chronic pain. Chronic pain can arise as a function of physical insults, such as sprains or strains, inflammation from some disease process, or repetitive motion injuries. Chronic pain also carries a significant psychological or emotional component that is not addressed by conventional medical treatment. Chronic pain is first and foremost an individual/subjective experience where pain that is tolerated or managed by one person may be crippling for another. As a result of marked individual differences in response to pain, there has been increasing interest in the identification of risk factors for adaptational difficulties associated with chronic pain. The broad, or 'generalist' pain management approaches of the past decade are being replaced with interventions that identify risk factors for adverse pain outcomes and the implementation of intervention techniques that specifically target these risk factors. Newer interventions go beyond the goal of pain management to include reducing the negative impact of psychological variables that might be compromising pain patients' full participation in familial, social, recreational and occupational roles.