Microbiota and the Immune System, Part 2: Mediterranean Dietary Influences on Microbiota

Abstract

Research has shown that the diet modulates both the gut microbiota and the immune system, establishing a bidirectional communication with signaling pathways or metabolic production, which affects each other s functions. Alterations in the bidirectional signaling of the microbiota-gut-brain triad have been linked in the pathogenesis of brain-gut disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, and the manifestation of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The Mediterranean diet is recognized worldwide as a model of healthy eating and is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality. Evidence suggests that the Mediterranean-type dietary pattern is able to modulate the gut microbiota, increasing its diversity and decreasing intestinal permeability. In addition, it is associated with specific gut microbiota characteristics that help prevent chronic noncommunicable degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and certain cancers.