Flow cytometry-based TCR-ligand Koff-rate assay for fast avidity screening of even very small antigen-specific T cell populations ex vivo

Abstract

High epitope-specific sensitivity of CD8+ T cells is required for optimal immune protection against intracellular pathogens as well as certain malignancies. The quality of antigen recognition of CD8+ T cells is usually described as “avidity” to its cognate peptide MHCI complex. T cell avidity is mainly dependent on the structural qualities of the T cell receptor (TCR), as convincingly demonstrated by recombinant TCR re-expression experiments. Based on reversible MHCI multimer staining and koff-rate measurements of monomeric peptide MHCI complexes, we recently established a microscopic assay for determining the structural avidity of individual CD8+ T cells. Here we demonstrate that this assay can be adapted for rapid flow-cytometric avidity screening of epitope-specific T cell populations. Furthermore, we show that—in combination with conventional nonreversible MHCI multimer staining—even very small epitope-specific CD8+ T cell populations can be analyzed directly ex vivo without the need for previous TCR cloning or T cell sorting. This simplified approach provides highly accurate mean TCR-ligand koff-rate values for poly- or oligoclonal T cell populations and is ideally suited for high-throughput applications in basic research as well as clinical settings. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.