Assistive Augmented Reality for Enhancing Executive Functions in Learners with Hearing Impairments: Embedded Experimental Study

Abstract

This study investigated the effectiveness of an Augmented Reality (AR) application in enhancing executive functions among primary school students with hearing impairments. Using a mixed-methods embedded experimental design with the ASSURE instructional model, 60 participants aged 6–14 were randomly assigned to experimental and control (n = 30each) groups. The experimental group received eight weekly AR-based training sessions (30–45 minutes each) targeting inhibition, working memory updating, and cognitive switching through interactive environments including Space Lab, Mars, Forest, and Beach. Executive functions were assessed using Go/No-Go, Backward Digit Span, Corsi Block, and Thai Trail-Making Test. Quantitative analyses showed significantly better post-test performance in the experimental group than in the control group for inhibition response time (p