Translational Advances in Oncogene and Tumor-Suppressor Gene Research

Abstract

Proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes play important roles in preventing the development of tumors. The former supports healthy cell growth and division, while the latter regulates cell division. Mutations in proto-oncogenes, converting them into oncogenes, and mutations in tumor-suppressor genes can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and cancer development. This review explores key molecular pathways associated with these genes, highlighting their influence on cancer progression and treatment resistance, which are crucial for creating effective, personalized, and targeted treatments for patients. This comprehensive review also discusses the recent advancements and emerging technologies that enhance the analysis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer at the genomic level.