Cognitive Factors Affecting Language Learning and Acquisition of Native and Non-Native Speakers

Abstract

his study aimed to identify the factors that affect first language acquisition for its native speakers. It also aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive factors, and metacognitive strategies on second or foreign language learning. In order to achieve the study objectives , 30 English major students were drawn from the Faculty of Arts, Suez Canal University to be the participants of the study during the academic year 2017/2018. They were given a questionnaire to respond to. It consists of 30 items covering three dimensions including: (1) factors affecting first language acquisition, (2) cognitive factors affecting language learning, and (3) metacognitive strategies affecting language learning. Responses were collected and analyzed. Based on the study results, it is concluded that the innate ability and social experience or surrounding environment are factors affecting first language acquisition. Cognitive factors including memory (its forms and types), attention and awareness, and forgetting, affect second or foreign language learning. Metacognitive strategies, such as planning, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and setting priorities also play a significant role in language learning.