KERAGAAN MORFOLOGI DAN HASIL 60 INDIVIDU JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERPILIH DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN PAKUWON SUKABUMI

  • HARTATI R
  • SETIAWAN A
  • HELIYANTO B
  • et al.
N/ACitations
Citations of this article
13Readers
Mendeley users who have this article in their library.

Abstract

ABSTRAK Di Indonesia, jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanamanpenting untuk menghasilkan biofuel. Dari biji tanaman ini dapatdiekstraksi bahan bakar biokerosen dan biodiesel. Tetapi potensi hasiltanaman ini perlu ditingkatkan agar pemanfaatannya dapat mempunyainilai komersial. Peningkatan potensi hasil tanaman jarak pagar dapatdilakukan dengan program pemuliaan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian yangdilakukan adalah mengevaluasi karakter vegetatif dan generatif sertapotensi hasil dari individu J. curcas hasil seleksi di Kebun Induk JarakPagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. Penelitian ini juga mempelajari korelasi antarakarakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari tanaman yangdievaluasi. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya digunakan untuk meng-identifikasi individu tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tetuapotensial untuk program pengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdayahasil tinggi. Tanaman yang dievaluasi berasal dari 20 genotipe terpilihyang berasal dari Lampung, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Nusa TenggaraBarat dan Sulawesi. Genotipe-genotipe tersebut diseleksi berdasarkan hasiluji provenan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Dari setiap genotipeterpilih diambil tiga butir benih. Benih-benih tersebut kemudiandikecambahkan di tempat pembibitan yang terkontrol dan setelah berumur2 bulan bibit ditanam di lapangan pada tanggal 22 Mei 2007. Karaktervegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari individu-individu yangdievaluasi dimonitor selama satu tahun (1 Agustus 2007 – 31 Juli 2008).Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan tanaman-tanaman yang diuji(merupakan keturunan dari 20 genotipe J. curcas hasil seleksi), bervariasipada karakter tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, dan percabangan. Tanaman-tanaman tersebut juga menunjukkan variasi pada umur berbunga, jumlahinfloresen, jumlah tandan buah, jumlah buah, dan jumlah biji serta kadarminyak biji. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah infloresen, dan jumlah tandan buahberkorelasi positif dengan hasil buah dan biji per tanaman. Sementara ituumur berbunga berkorelasi negatif dengan semua karakter generatif.Berdasarkan karakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasilnya,teridentifikasi tiga individu yang berpotensi sebagai tetua untukpengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdaya hasil tinggi. Individu-individu tersebut adalah HS 49-2, PT 13-2, dan PT 15-1. Ketiga individutersebut menghasilkan lebih dari 350 buah per tanaman dan kadarminyaknya berkisar antara 36 – 38%. Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L., evaluasi lapangan, seleksi fenotip,analisis korelasi, karakter vegetatif, karakter generatif, dayahasil, kandungan minyak biji ABSTRACT Morphologies and Yield Performances of 60 SelectedGenotypes of Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) at PakuwonExperimental Station, Sukabumi Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L) is an important biofuelproducing crops in Indonesia. Biokerosene and biodiesel fuel could beextracted from seeds of this crop. Yield potential of this crop needs to beincreased in order to meet its commercial usage. Such yield potentialimprovement could be achieved through plant breeding program. Theobjectives of this research were to evaluate vegetative and generativecharacters and yield potentials of selected individual of J. curcas at KebunInduk Jarak Pagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. This research was also intended toanalyze correlation among vegetative and generative characters and yieldpotentials of the evaluated genotypes. Subsequently, the collected datawere used to identify individual crop that can be used as potential parentgenotypes for developing new high yielding J. curcas cultivar. Theevaluated genotypes were derived from 20 selected parent plantsoriginated from Lampung, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara,and Sulawesi. The genotypes were selected based on provenance trials inthe previous experiment. Three seeds were collected from each parentplant and were germinated in the controlled seed nursery conditions. Theseedlings were planted in the field on May 22, 2007 when they were 2months old. Vegetative and generative characters and yield potentials ofthe evaluated individuals were monitored for one year (August 1, 2007 toJuly 31, 2008). Results of the experiments indicated the tested genotypesderived from 20 selected J. curcas parent plants exhibited variabilities intheir height, stem girth, and branches characters. They also exhibited highvariabilities in their time of flowering, number of inflorescence, number ofbunches, number of fruits and nut per plant, and their oil contents. Plantheight, number of inflorescence, and number of bunches were positivelycorrelated with yield of fruits and nuts per plants. Meanwhile, time offlowering was negatively correlated with all generative characters. Basedon their vegetative and generative characters and their yield potentials,three genotypes were identified as the new potential parents for developinghigh yielding J. curcas cultivar. They were HS 49-2, PT 13-2, and PT 15-1. These newly selected genotypes yielded more than 350 fruits per plantwith 36 – 38 % seed oil content in their first year. Key words : Jatropha curcas L., field evaluation, phenotypic selection,correlation  analysis,  vegetative characters,  generativecharacters, seed yield, oil content

Cite

CITATION STYLE

APA

HARTATI, R. R. S., SETIAWAN, A., HELIYANTO, B., PRANOWO, D., & SUDARSONO, S. (2020). KERAGAAN MORFOLOGI DAN HASIL 60 INDIVIDU JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERPILIH DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN PAKUWON SUKABUMI. Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri, 15(4), 152. https://doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v15n4.2009.152-161

Register to see more suggestions

Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.

Already have an account?

Save time finding and organizing research with Mendeley

Sign up for free