Current Perspectives on Remifentanil-PCA for Labor Analgesia: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Remifentanil is a potent opioid characterized by a unique pharmacokinetic profile that makes it well-suited for analgesia in obstetrics. When administered in a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) modality, remifentanil has become a recognized and versatile alternative for labor pain relief in cases where epidural analgesia is contraindicated or is declined by the parturient. It offers mild to moderate pain relief, effectively decreasing pain from severe levels to a more manageable, moderate intensity. Remifentanil can be administered promptly and acts quickly, making it particularly useful in rapidly progressing or advanced labor. It can also benefit women with anxiety or tokophobia, as its sedative, anxiolytic, and euphoric effects help reduce pain perception and facilitate coping during labor. While it is not superior to epidural analgesia in terms of analgesic efficacy, remifentanil-PCA has obtained a role as a complementary pain-relieving option in several obstetric situations. Remifentanil-PCA is associated with high patient satisfaction, which is closely linked to realistic counseling and proper expectation management. The safety profile for both mother and neonate has been established; however, safety depends on cautious incremental dosing tailored to sedation levels, the use of supplemental oxygen, rigorous monitoring, and avoiding background infusion. Vigilant supervision by healthcare providers is essential, ideally supported by the continuous presence of an anesthesia team in the labor ward.