Abdominal Approach for Vesicovaginal Fistulas: Outcomes and Risk Factors for Failure

Abstract

Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) affects an estimated three million women internationally. In the United States, VVF occurs most commonly after pelvic surgery and is also associated with trauma or pelvic radiation. It is a rare complication, with reported incidence of 0.05-2% after gynecologic procedures.