Bioprocess engineering to revolutionize polyunsaturated fatty acid production by suppressing undesirable fatty acids flux

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Microbial bioprocesses provide a sustainable alternative for producing high-value biomolecules such as omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Aurantiochytrium sp., a marine oleaginous microorganism, holds great potential for biomass valorization through optimized lipid biosynthesis. The present study explores a novel strategy combining chemical inhibitors [quizalofop-p-ethyl (QPE) and triclosan] with abiotic cold stress to reprogram metabolic pathways, enhancing omega-PUFA accumulation at the same time as reducing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis. RESULTS: The integration of cold stress and triclosan increased lipid productivity by 15.28% (7.02 g L−1), significantly enhancing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (29.52%, 2.72 g L−1), DPA (45%, 0.31 g L−1) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (200%, 0.12 g L−1). Similarly, QPE combined with cold stress boosted lipid yield by 22.66% (7.47 g L−1), with notable increases in DPA (85%), DHA (21.9%) and arachidonic acid (ARA) (15.38%, 0.15 g L−1). The synergistic effect of triclosan and QPE further amplified EPA and ARA production by 250% and 30.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a cost-effective, scalable bioprocess for sustainable omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA production, reducing reliance on fish oil and supporting marine conservation. Additionally, this approach aligns with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 7 and 13), promoting bioresource utilization for renewable energy and bioproduct applications. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.