Effectiveness of magnetite nanoparticles stabilized by 3-hydroxypyridine derivative and polyvinyl pyrrolidone in experimental therapy of acute blood loss

Abstract

One of the preconditions of biomedical use of iron oxide nanoparticles including magnetite is their stabilization in liquid medium, wherein the covering substances largely determine pharmacological activity and toxicity of such nanoparticles. We obtained nanofluid that contains magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate (Mexidol) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Its anti-anemic properties have not been studied previously. The aim of the investigation was to study the effect of magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with Mexidol and PVP on hematological parameters of laboratory animals in the norm and after acute blood loss. Materials and Methods. Experiments were performed on 109 albino male rats. The liquid containing magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with Mexidol and PVP was administered to intact animals and rats after blood loss in the dose of 1.35 mg Fe/kg. Its effects were compared with the action of standard iron preparation Ferrum Lek (1.25 mg Fe/kg) as a reference drug. We determined red blood cells count, total hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte indices as well as reticulocytes content in blood 3 and 72 h after the administration of the nanofluid and the reference preparation. Results. Nanofluid stimulates erythropoiesis in intact animals that is characterized by the increase in red blood cells count, total hemoglobin and hematocrit, which, however, are within the normal range. In anemia induced by acute blood loss, the nanofluid helps to restore these parameters and increases significantly the number of reticulocytes in blood. In both cases, the effects of the nanofluid are more pronounced than those of the reference preparation that can be due to better bioavailability of iron in the nanofluid, with Mexidol being used as one of stabilizing agents. Conclusion. Magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with Mexidol and PVP stimulate erythropoiesis in the norm and in acute blood loss that is potentiated by the presence of succinate-containing 3-hyroxypyridine derivative as their constituent. The efficiency of magnetite nanoparticles and the possibility to use them as nanofluid offer the prospect of developing a new pharmaceutical form to correct anemic conditions based on these nanoparticles.