Differences in life projects among adolescents in situations of social vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Background: One of the main developmental tasks in adolescence is preparing for adult roles, especially those related to work and family life, a process that is guided by future expectations that influence goal setting, planning, and behaviors adopted during this transition phase. However, adolescents living in situations of social vulnerability faced increased risks during the COVID-19 pandemic while having limited access to reliable information, compromising their future expectations and life projects. Objective: This study investigated the relationship between exposure to COVID-19-related risks, knowledge regarding prevention and transmission, and the commitment to life projects (LP) among adolescents in diverse vulnerable contexts. Methods: A total of 107 Brazilian adolescents from child protection institutions, public schools in high-risk areas, juvenile justice facilities, and services for homeless youth participated in the study. They completed the COVID-19 Exposure and Demographic Questionnaire, the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards COVID-19 Questionnaire, and the Life Project Scale. Data were analyzed using latent profile analysis and moderation models. Results: Participants showed above-average exposure to COVID-19 compared to the general population and reported high levels of disbelief in vaccine efficacy. Life project engagement was heterogeneous across the sample, with three latent profiles identified. Greater knowledge about COVID-19 was positively associated with LP engagement, particularly among those who had lost a family member to the virus. Conclusion: Ensuring access to reliable information and psychosocial support is essential for fostering both engagement and continuity in life projects among vulnerable adolescents during health crises.