Investigative Analysis of Safety Risk Assessment in University Science and Engineering Laboratories: Focus on High-Pressure Gas Accident

Abstract

Institute of Science Tokyo has been actively conducting safety and health risk assessments (RA) across its science and engineering laboratories. Prior studies indicated a negative association between RA implementation rates and accident occurrence, suggesting that thorough RA practices can effectively reduce risks. Notably, hazards such as glassware and cutting tools were associated with higher accident rates, primarily resulting in cuts and puncture wounds. Effective RA requires concrete damage scenario assumptions and prioritization of engineering controls over worker-dependent measures. In August 2024, a chlorine gas leak incident occurred on campus due to a valve malfunction in an unused and uninspected gas cylinder. Despite the absence of injuries, the incident highlighted the need for enhanced preventive strategies. This study analyzes the high-pressure gas accidents that occurred over the past 20 years and assesses whether current RA practices adequately address these risks, with the goal of enhancing future safety strategies. During this time, seven high-pressure gas accidents were reported (five leaks, two ruptures), averaging 0.4 cases per year─significantly fewer than chemical-related incidents (285 cases, 14.3/year). In 2024, 49% of laboratories possessing gas cylinders conducted RA. Laboratories assessing toxic gases and predicting poisoning implemented more countermeasures, with a notable focus on engineering controls, reflecting greater hazard awareness. However, incomplete RA, as seen in the 2024 incident, may hinder the goal of zero accidents. The lack of regular inspections and aging infrastructure (pipes, valves, flanges) emerged as critical issues. These findings offer valuable insights for global institutions seeking to improve high-pressure gas safety and risk management.