Five years follow-up of juvenile lupus nephritis: A single-center retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background: We analyze the clinical manifestations and 5 years of follow-up outcomes of children with lupus nephritis (LN) and provide a reference for clinicians. Methods: The clinical data of children diagnosed with LN (n=62) from January 2012–2015 were collected and analyzed. Results: The median age at the diagnosis was 12.0 years. The female to male ratio was 3.4:1. The most prevalent clinical features were mucocutaneous involvement and hematological involvement. Renal biopsy was performed on 38 patients. Class IV and class V were the most common findings. The lupus activity was improved markedly after 3 months treatment. The rate of survival was 98.3% in 5 years. The most common side effects of corticosteroid and other immunosuppressive agent drug treatment were corticosteroid-related hypertension and high intraocular pressure. The rate of cataracts, osteoporotic fracture, and visual field defects increased as the treatment progressed. Especially, the incidence of visual field defects in children is higher than adults. Conclusions: The LN children showed a good prognosis. During the follow-up process, the adverse drug reactions, such as hormone-related hypertension and ocular hypertension, especially the visual field defects caused by hydroxychloroquine, cannot be excluded. However, multicenter long term follow-up studies are essential to substantiate the current data.