Effects of Flavivirus Cross-Reactivity (Zika and Dengue) on the Development of Vaccines for Use in Pregnancy

Abstract

Purpose of Review: The aim of this article is to discuss the implications of immunological cross-reactivity with other prevalent flaviviruses, such as DENV, for the development of a safe and effective vaccine against ZIKV. Recent Findings: The severe clinical manifestations of ZIKV can be due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). This indicates that immunity against DENV and other flaviviruses influences ZIKV disease pathogenesis and the development of vaccines against ZIKV and DENV. Summary: Zika is a re-emerging disease caused by the ZIKV with an unusual clinical presentation characterized by severe manifestations such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. In pregnancy, it can lead to abortion or congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Currently, no specific treatment or licensed vaccine for this virus is available; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of a vaccine that can be used during pregnancy. Conclusion: Studies of vaccines against ZIKV are progressing positively, and in their designs, modifications of the antigens are being considered so that they do not cause cross reactions with other flaviviruses that can cause complications in people previously exposed to other flaviviruses.