The catastrophic June 2002 prairie rainstorm

Abstract

A catastrophic rain event occurred in early June 2002 during a major drought over the Canadian Prairies. The storm brought record-breaking rainfall and major flooding to many locations in the region. Given the importance of this event, this study's overall objectives are to characterize and to understand the physical nature of the rainstorm better. The event was associated with a major extratropical cyclone which acted in concert with the Great Plains low-level jet to transport a tremendous amount of moisture into the eastern Prairies producing intense diurnal mesoscale convective systems over the region. At the same time, moisture was transported to the western Prairies by a strong easterly low-level jet which produced heavy and long-lived orographic precipitation near the foothills. Several working hypotheses were developed to explain the severity and longevity of the rainstorm; it was found that the Rockies played a central role in the organization and development of the system. Atmospheric features that are critical to the development of an important class of extreme rain events in the Canadian Prairies were also identified. The severity of the June 2002 system is partly a result of the rare co-occurrence of these features during the period. Results from a preliminary analysis show that the atmospheric conditions associated with the extreme background drought enhanced the likelihood of the co-occurrence of these features during spring 2002, hence facilitating the development of the extreme rain event. In return, the tremendous precipitation from the storm alleviated the drought conditions in the southern Prairies.