Development of Acute Adult T-cell Leukemia Following PD-1 Blockade Therapy for Lung Cancer

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Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used for the treatment of various cancers. However, paradoxical exacerbation of neoplasms, referred to as "hyperprogressive disease,"has been reported in a proportion of patients treated with anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) blockade. We herein report a case of acute adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) that developed shortly after the administration of nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, to treat non-small-cell lung cancer. There were no signs of ATL before the administration of nivolumab, and seropositivity for human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) was confirmed after the development of acute ATL. We speculate that nivolumab likely contributed to the development of acute ATL.

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Misawa, K., Yasuda, H., Matsuda, H., Hara, M., Ochiai, T., Koyama, D., … Koike, M. (2022). Development of Acute Adult T-cell Leukemia Following PD-1 Blockade Therapy for Lung Cancer. Internal Medicine, 61(22), 3421–3424. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.9405-22

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