Descriptive Statistics

Abstract

This chapter introduces you to descriptive statistics used to summarize and organize data. It is a selective rather than a comprehensive coverage of the available descriptive statistics. We discuss the major categories that are more widely used in practice. We highlight the importance of context and purpose in analyzing and interpreting data. Also critical is an understanding that the source of data and the process used to collect research data directly influence the conclusions researchers draw. Historically, research has centered on Whiteness, therefore decisions stemming from it tend to favor White people and disadvantage Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). Filtering our perceptions of the data through an awareness of this reality can foster more appropriate use of the descriptive statistics discussed in this chapter.