RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION: COPING STRATEGIES OF CHILDREN LIVING IN KADUNA ORPHANAGES

Abstract

Background: The situation of orphans in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Nigeria, has worsened due to factors such as HIV/AIDS, terrorism, and natural disasters. Orphans face not only the loss of parental care but also a wide range of social, emotional, and medical challenges. Despite existing interventions, many orphanages prioritize material needs, overlooking comprehensive psychosocial and medical support. This study aims to explore the coping strategies and resilience of children living in orphanages in Kaduna, Nigeria, by assessing their medical, social, and psychological challenges. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 orphans in three selected orphanages in Kaduna. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires, focusing on socio-demographics, health status, behavioural problems, stigma, and coping strategies. Results: The findings revealed a mean age of 10 years, with a male majority (68%). Nutritional challenges were significant, with 53.7% classified as underweight despite 54.9% having access to balanced meals. Medical issues were prevalent, including incomplete immunization (46.7%) and clinical signs of illness in 33.7% of respondents. Behavioural disorders were also notable, with 27% having hyperactivity and 1.8% showing signs of major depressive disorder. Enuresis affected 22.3%. While most children (83.3%) had positive peer relationships, bullying (11.4%) and stigma (9%) were reported. Encouragingly, 89.2% of respondents demonstrated good self-esteem, and educational attendance was high, with only 2.2% not attending school. In terms of coping, 46.8% adapted their goals to manage their situations, while 35.2% reported strong social support. Conclusion: The study highlights the complex challenges faced by orphans in Kaduna orphanages, encompassing medical, psychological, and social dimensions. While positive peer relationships and educational participation are strong points, the high prevalence of health issues and behavioural disorders points to the need for holistic care approaches. Strengthening psychosocial support and healthcare systems will be vital to improving their overall well-being.