Non-planar electrodes made from bond wires for impedance spectroscopy of 3D-microtissues

Abstract

We present a new versatile method for integration of out-of-plane microelectrode configurations on planar microchips. The technology relies on the precise formation of user-defined gold bond-wire loops and has been used to develop a multi-electrode electrical microimpedance device for interrogating 3-dimensional microtissue structures. 3D microtissue spheroids are receiving growing attention, as they closely reproduce in vivo conditions in drug screening applications.