Resveratrol in Management of Diabetes and Obesity: Clinical Applications, Bioavailability, and Nanotherapy

Abstract

Diabetes is the most common serious metabolic disorder and one of the five leading causes of death worldwide. It is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia coincident with the induction of oxidative stress and alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism-regulating enzymes. Resveratrol has immerged as one of the leading natural ingredients to combat diabetic and its complications. Despite an abundance of laboratory and animal research, there is little clinical evidence to establish resveratrol effectiveness as a therapeutic against diabetes. Further, the poor bioavailability and stability of resveratrol in humans have been a major concern for translating basic science findings into clinical utility. In this review, we embark on large, well-controlled clinical studies to confirm the efficacy of resveratrol in the management of diabetes mellitus and gain a better insight into its biological effects in humans. Further possible methods of increasing the stability and bioavailability for such trials are also discussed.