Metabolomic and proteomic applications to exercise biomedicine

Abstract

Objectives: 'OMICs encapsulates study of scaled data acquisition, at the levels of DNA, RNA, protein, and metab-olite species. The broad objectives of OMICs in biomedical exercise research are multifarious, but commonly relate to biomarker development and understanding features of exercise adaptation in health, ageing and metabolic diseases. Methods: This field is one of exponential technical (i.e., depth of feature coverage) and scientific (i.e., in health, metabolic conditions and ageing, multi-OMICs) progress adopting targeted and untargeted approaches. Results: Key findings in exercise biomedicine have led to the identification of OMIC features linking to heritability or adaptive responses to exercise e.g., the forging of GWAS/proteome/meta-bolome links to cardiovascular fitness and metabolic health adaptations. The recent addition of stable isotope tracing to proteomics ('dynamic proteomics') and metabolomics ('fluxo-mics') represents the next phase of state-of-the-art in 'OMICS. Conclusions: These methods overcome limitations associated with point-in-time 'OMICs and can be achieved using substrate-specific tracers or deuterium oxide (D 2 O), depending on the question; these methods could help identify how individual protein turnover and metabolite flux may explain exercise responses. We contend application of these methods will shed new light in translational exercise biomedicine.