Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Association Between the Characteristics of the Included Maxillary Canines and the Lateral Incisors

Abstract

Background: Impacted canines can adversely affect adjacent structures, particularly lateral incisors. The purpose was to determine the correlation between upper lateral incisor dimension and angular and linear positioning of upper impacted canines. Methods: The sample comprised 50 impacted canines, evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Measurements included crown dimensions of lateral incisors and impacted canines, incisor root length, and the distance from the canine cusp to the occlusal plane. Angular positions of the canine were measured relative to the occlusal plane, facial midline, and palatine suture. Pearson correlations tested associations between canine position, lateral incisor dimensions, and maxillary transverse width. Results: Significant morphological differences for impacted canines and lateral incisors were found based on canine position and impaction type (unilateral or bilateral). A positive correlation was observed between lateral incisor crown size and canine cusp distance to the occlusal plane (r = +0.483, p < 0.001). Conversely, a negative correlation was noted between lateral incisor root length and canine angulation relative to the palatal suture (r = −0.356, p = 0.022). Conclusions: Impacted canine position is associated with changes in canine and lateral incisor dimensions, potentially affecting their alignment and root integrity. Correlations were also found between maxillary width, incisor morphology, and canine position.