In situ bioprinting: bioprinting methods, bioinks, cell sources & advanced bioprinting strategies

Abstract

Bioprinting is a tissue engineering approach which has great potential to devise regenerative therapies and alleviate tissue/organ shortage. In situ bioprinting, allowing the direct creation of functional 3D tissues/organs at the defect site in the patient body, has attracted significant attention of surgeons and researchers. However, it is challenging to design adequate combinations of manufacturing devices, bioinks and cells to meet the in situ bioprinting requirements of medical functions, complex human body environment and clinical applications. This review highlights current state-of-art bioprinting technologies, summarising their advantages and challenges for in situ applications from four perspectives: bioprinting methods, bioinks, cell sources and advanced bioprinting strategies.