A robustness check procedure for hypofractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Interfractional residual patient shifts are often observed during the delivery of hypofractionated brain radiosurgery. In this study, the authors developed a robustness treatment planning check procedure to assess the dosimetric effects of residual target shifts on hypofractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS). METHODS The residual patient shifts were determined during the simulation process immediately after patient immobilization. To mimic incorporation of residual target shifts during treatment delivery, a quality assurance procedure was developed to sample and shift individual shots according to the residual uncertainties in the prescribed treatment plan. This procedure was tested and demonstrated for 10 hypofractionated GKRS cases. RESULTS The maximum residual target shifts were less than 1 mm for the studied cases. When incorporating such shifts, the target coverage varied by 1.9% ± 2.2% (range 0.0%–7.1%) and selectivity varied by 3.6% ± 2.5% (range 1.1%–9.3%). Furthermore, when incorporating extra random shifts on the order of 0.5 mm, the target coverage decreased by as much as 7%, and nonisocentric variation in the dose distributions was noted for the studied cases. CONCLUSIONS A pretreatment robustness check procedure was developed and demonstrated for hypofractionated GKRS. Further studies are underway to implement this procedure to assess maximum tolerance levels for individual patient cases.