Thermodynamics of nonsingular bouncing universes

Abstract

Homogeneous and isotropic, nonsingular, bouncing world models are designed to evade the initial singularity at the beginning of the cosmic expansion. Here, we study the thermodynamics of the subset of these models governed by general relativity. Considering the entropy of matter and radiation and considering the entropy of the apparent horizon to be proportional to its area, we argue that these models do not respect the generalized second law of thermodynamics, also away from the bounce.