Implementation Challenges of Kenya's Climate Change Act (2016) at the Urban County Level: Case Studies from Counties in Kenya

Abstract

Kenya's Climate Change Act (2016) was a landmark legislative step toward mainstreaming climate resilience across all levels of governance. However, its implementation at the urban county level has faced significant challenges. This paper investigates these challenges through case studies of Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu counties. Using a qualitative methodology that includes policy analysis and stakeholder interviews, the study identifies key barriers such as inadequate funding, limited technical capacity, and weak intergovernmental coordination. Findings reveal that while counties have made efforts to integrate climate actions into their development plans, the level of implementation varies significantly. For instance, delayed disbursement of funds from the national government hampers timely execution of climate programs (IPF, 2023). Moreover, the lack of robust legal frameworks and technical expertise at the county level impedes progress. The study recommends enhancing capacity-building initiatives, ensuring timely financial transfers, and fostering better coordination between national and county governments. By addressing these challenges, Kenya can strengthen its climate governance and enhance urban county-level resilience