Epicardial Adipose Tissue—A Novel Therapeutic Target in Obesity Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Obesity is strongly associated with an increased risk of heart failure. Recent studies indicate that epicardial adipose tissue plays a critical role in the development of obesity-related cardiomyopathy. This distinct visceral fat depot, located between the myocardium and the visceral pericardium, is involved in direct cross-talk with the adjacent myocardium, influencing both its structural integrity and electrophysiological function. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the morphological, metabolic, immunological, and functional alterations of this adipose compartment in the context of obesity, and to explore its contribution to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Moreover, the article synthesizes current evidence on the potential cardioprotective effects of emerging anti-obesity pharmacotherapies—particularly GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists—on metabolic pathways associated with epicardial fat that are implicated in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. Further clinical trials are required to clarify the impact of these therapies on the course and prognosis of heart failure, as well as on the epidemiology and societal burden of the disease.