Mathematical modelling of polyvinyl chloride embedded tin tungsto phosphate composite membrane for industrial water separation

Abstract

A novel tin tungstophosphate (TTP) composite ion-exchange membrane was made with casting a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by co-precipitation method. The electrochemical characterization and intermolecular interactions between the components in composite membranes are established by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The membrane potential has been used to characterize the ion-transport processes across a charged membrane and follow the order: NaCl>KCl > NaNO3 > KNO3.The fixed-charge density is the primary determinant of transport phenomena in membranes, although additional electrochemical factors augment membrane efficiency. The electrolytes' capacity to transmit charges in a membrane in a certain sequence is influenced by the counterions. The experimental results and the theoretical prediction for membrane potential agree very well. The membrane mentioned above is excellent for separating industrial water.