Design and implementation of PK-PD model based PID controller for closed loop anesthesia regulation

Abstract

Anesthesia is a way to control pain during a surgery and also helps to maintain the patient blood pressure, blood flow, and heart rate etc., Regulating the depth of anesthesia is a difficult task, since anesthetists has to consider nonlinearity, inter and intra-patient variability, multivariable characteristics, variable time delays, dynamics dependent on the hypnotic agent, variability in model analysis. Automatic anesthesia regulation aims to automatically regulate the anesthesia levels by considering the several physiological measurements of patients. In this work we are study a safe and capable progress for hypnotic drug propofol delivery using closed loop control technology and Bispectral Index (BIS) have used to measure the depth of anesthesia. A control strategy that combines a bispectral index and pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamics models Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID) controller were investigated. The controller compares the calculated BIS value with its input reference for the path of the hypnotic drug propofol and then the controller manages the anesthetic of propofol entering the anesthetic process to attain the desired BIS value.