Training on muscle palpation using artificial muscle nodule models

Abstract

We developed a palpation simulator for training on muscle palpation techniques for myofascial pain syndrome. This simulator consisted of two layers that resemble the hardness of actual human skin-fat and muscle tissues. Furthermore, a muscle nodule model made of urethane rubber was laid in the simulator. Five participants were trained on the palpation technique for localizing the muscle nodule models, using our simulators. After the training session, they localized the muscle nodule models more definitely than before. The proposed muscle nodule palpation simulator may improve manual palpation techniques used for examining myofascial pain syndrome.