Assessing the Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on Marine Carbonate Chemistry: Trends, Implications, and Future Implications of Ocean Acidification

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of human-caused CO2 emissions on marine carbonate chemistry, with particular attention being given to current trends and implications of ocean acidification as well as projected future projections for its effects. The study provides insight into the chemical processes underlying ocean acidification, its historical and modern progressions, as well as its biological impacts on organisms such as corals, mollusks and plankton. Furthermore, this report assesses the larger implications for marine ecosystems and fisheries as well as valuing ecosystem services that have been negatively impacted by acidification. Methodical approaches, including in situ observations, laboratory experiments and predictive modeling are discussed here to illustrate the current status of research. This paper also considers mitigation and adaptation strategies such as carbon capture and storage, enhancing ecosystem resilience enhancement measures and international policy measures as mitigation and adaptation strategies. By drawing together findings from diverse disciplines, this study seeks to identify research gaps as well as prioritize areas for further investigation, stressing the importance of joint efforts against ocean acidification.