Relación entre enfermedad periodontal y parto prematuro. Bajo peso al nacimiento: una revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Despite all efforts made for pregnancy and labour care, the incidence of preterm births has not decreased in the last two decades. Prematurity implies a serious threat to the health of the newborn, representing an important percentage of the perinatal health care costs. Scientific research has revealed multiple mechanisms through which remote infections such as periodontal disease can participate in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. Recent studies have demonstrated that periodontal disease is a risk factor for preterm birth, even with higher odds ratios than those calculated for traditional risk factors such as tobacco consumption, low maternal weight or alcohol consumption. It has be en suggested that the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease in pregnant women could contribute to the prevention of preterm birth. This paper reviews the scientific evidence in the literature regarding this asociation and the role of periodontal therapy in preventing preterm birth.