The Southern Oscillation. Part II: associations with changes in the middle troposphere in the Northern winter ( Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean).

Abstract

In the phase of the S Oscillation when pressures are high over the tropical S Indian Ocean and low over the tropical S Pacific Ocean, in contrast with the opposite pressure distribution, the zonal mean poleward flux of sensible heat in the quasistationary waves tends to be higher in middle latitudes; the temperatures and heights tend to be lower between 30 and 60 degrees N with the maximum difference at 45 degrees N; the geostrophic wind tends to be stronger S of 45 degrees N and weaker to the N; and the transfer of sensible heat by the transient waves tends to be stronger S of 45 degrees S, and weaker to the N.-from Authors