Environmental and Nutritional Value of Fruit and Vegetable Peels as Animal Feed: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Fruit and vegetable peels are often regarded as waste, leading to their disposal in landfills. As a result, methane gas emissions during the decomposition of waste lead to the loss of potentially valuable resources. Nonetheless, these peels are an abundant source of nutrients, minerals, and vitamins such as dietary fiber, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and phenolic compounds, which can enhance animal health and productivity and, as a result, increase the milk and meat production of livestock as well as the drawing power of draught animals. From an environmental perspective, the utilization of peels for animal feed can significantly reduce organic waste accumulation, decrease greenhouse gas emissions associated with waste decomposition, and lower the dependency on conventional feed ingredients such as grains, which are often produced through resource-intensive agricultural practices. To date, no comprehensive review has been found on the nutritional and environmental impact of fruit and vegetable peels as animal feed. This paper aims to explore the nutritional and environmental impact of various kinds of fruit and vegetable peels.