IMPLEMENTASI PASAL XX (B) DAN (G) GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DI WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION

Abstract

There is a mutual relation between international trade and environment. International trade may give negative effects to the environment. The problems that will be studied are, first, how is the implementation of Article XX (b) and (g) of GATT in the dispute settlement at WTO? Second, why is there differences in interpretation method toward Article XX (b) and (g) of GATT by Panel and Appellate Body in dispute settlement at WTO? This research os a normative research and is analyzed qualitatively. The result of the research concludes that: first, panel and Appellate Body have differences in implementing Article XX (b) and (g) of GATT. This is caused by the different interpretation done by Panel and Appellate Body; second, the difference in the interpretation of Article XX (b) and (g) of GATT by Panel and Appellate Body in the settlement of those three cases is resulted from the lack of understanding of the Panel on the interpretation way as stipulated in Article 2(3) of DSU and lack of partisanship from the Panel to the importance of health, plants, animals, and environment protections. Abstrak Ada suatu hubungan timbal balik antara perdagangan internasional dan lingkungan. Perdagangan internasional dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Permasalahan yang hendak diteliti, pertama, bagaimanakah implementasi Pasal XX (b) dan (g) GATT dalam penyelesaian sengketa di WTO? Kedua, mengapa terjadi perbedaan metode penafsiran Pasal XX (b) dan (g) GATT oleh Panel dan Appellate Body dalam penyelesaian sengketa di WTO? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dan dianalisa secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan: pertama, panel dan Appellate Body memiliki perbedaan dalam penerapan Pasal XX (b) dan (g) GATT. Hal ini disebabkan adanya perbedaan penafsiran/interpretasi yang yang dilakukan oleh Panel dan Appellate Body; Kedua, perbedaan penafsiran implementasi Pasal XX (b) dan (g) GATT oleh Panel dan Appellate Body dalam penyelesaian ketiga kasus tersebut disebabkan karena kurangnya pemahaman Panel terhadap cara interpretasi yang diatur dalam Pasal 2(3) DSU dan kurang adanya keperpihakan Panel terhadap kepentingan perlindungan kesehatan, tumbuhan, hewan, dan lingkungan. Kata kunci : Perdagangan internasional, panel, appellate body, dampak negatif.