Upconversion processes in Er3+-doped KPb2Cl 5

Abstract

In this work we report infrared to visible upconversion luminescence in the low phonon-energy host material KPb2Cl5 doped with Er3+ ions under 4I9/2 excitation. The upconversion mechanisms are investigated by using steady-state and time-resolved laser spectroscopy. When the excitation wavelength is resonant with the 4I9/2 level (≈800 nm), the upconverted emission originates from the levels 2H9/2 and 4S 3/2. These upconverted emissions occur via energy-transfer upconversion processes. However, under nonresonant excitation at lower energies than 4I9/2, the main emission results from the level 2H9/2. This latter upconverted emission can be attributed to excited-state absorption of the pump radiation. The proposed upconversion mechanisms responsible for the different emissions from the levels 2H9/2 and 4S3/2 are supported by both the time evolution of the upconversion luminescence after pulsed infrared excitation and the upconversion luminescence excitation spectra. Rate equation analysis has been used to identify and characterize the energy-transfer processes responsible for the observed fluorescence behavior.