Green silver nanoparticles based on the chemical constituents of Glinus lotoides L.: In vitro anticancer and antiviral evaluation

Abstract

Green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilize companionable nanomaterials for investigative and therapeutic determinations. The existing study reports the synthesis of AgNPs using Glinus lotoides L. aqueous methanol extract (GLE) besides evaluation of anticancer and antiviral effects of GLE and its synthesized AgNPs (GLE_AgNPs). The formation of GLE_AgNPs was confirmed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Their spherical shape with average size was found to be 5-50 nm by TEM (transmission electron microscope). Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) investigation specified the presence of alcohol/phenol, amino and aromatic carbonyl groups in GLE that were complex in reduction and capping of nanoparticles. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of GLE was screened using four human carcinoma cell lines; liver (HepG2), colon (HCT116), breast (MCF7), larynx (Hep 2) and showed IC50 24.3, 26.1, 30, 50 (μg/mL), compared to doxorubicin with IC50 4.28, 3.73, 4.43, 3.73 (μg/mL), respectively. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effects (IC50, μg/mL) of GLE_AgNPs were observed with HepG2 (25.4) and HCT116 (26.3) also it exhibited no cytotoxicity against normal human melanocytes (HFB-4). The antiviral activity showed a higher potency of GLE_AgNPs against H5N1 virus with inhibitory effect about 60%, while the GLE about 26.5% (100μg/μL). Additionally, the phytochemical constituents of GLE, which could be used as reducing agents in GLE_AgNPs, were characterized using spectrometric techniques. GC/MS analysis of the petroleum ether/dichloromethane fraction (1:1 v/v) revealed the identification of 33 compounds of fatty acids, fatty acid esters and sterols. LC/ESI/MSn of the defatted GLE afforded 30 compounds that belong to phenolics, organic acids, flavonol O-glycosides, flavonol O-acyl glycosides and C-glycosyl flavonoids.