Field carcinogenesis in cancer evolution: What the cell is going on?

Abstract

Field carcinogenesis describes the prevalence of tumor-related alterations in normal appearing tissues. Here, we summarize recent efforts in profiling molecular field dynamics for resolving early events in cancer evolution. We also highlight gaps in our knowledge of the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of field carcinogenesis and propose directions to tackle these voids using single-cell-based approaches and unique tissue sampling models. By interrogating both the mutagenized epithelium and its microenvironment, we surmise that single-cell-guided studies will help chart the spatiotemporal molecular and cellular "atlas"of field carcinogenesis, will further delineate preneoplastic initiation and progression, and will help identify cancer prevention and early intervention targets.