Antibacterial Efficacy of Extraction of Salvia palaestina Bentham

Abstract

Salvia palaestina is native to Iraq and other Mediterranean Regions, but is now grown worldwide, primarily for use as a culinary herb. It is a member of the Lamiaceae family. Plant specimens were collected in different areas of MRO (Rowanduz mountain district), MSU (Suleimany mountain district), FPF (Persian foothill district and FKI (Kirkuk foothill district) of Kurdistan Region-Iraq from mid- March 2022 the end of June 2022. Flavonoids and phenols were found in the study's preliminary screening for the key phytochemical natural product groups. Furthermore, a study of the antibacterial anti-bacterial Efficacy of Salvia palaestina Bentham leaves of three concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% mg/ml by hydro‐alcoholic (ethanol) extract against four types of bacteria pathogenic to humans was used in the study preserved and diagnosed. They were obtained from the Zanko Medical Laboratory. Two Gram-Positive pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), and two Gram‐Negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were studied. The results revealed that the impact of hydro‐ethanol extract in concentration of 100% mg/ml in Salvia palaestina a 41.66 mm inhibition zone was the most effective against bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to all studied extract concentrations. The average extract a 30.6 mm inhibition zone was more potent than the average control (Ciprofloxacin) a 23.5mm in inhibition the growth of the studied bacteria. Also, the studied Antibiotic (Ciprofloxacin) did not affect Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus isolated resistant to Ciprofloxacin. This study revealed that the anti-bacterial efficacy of Salvia palaestina leaves by hydro-ethanolic extract had more vigorous anti-bacterial activity than control treatment 2 (Ciprofloxacin).