Steroid-refractory protein-losing enteropathy with gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with fontan circulation: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is one of the major complications after a Fontan operation. Some PLE patients suffer from concurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. An effective treatment regimen for such patients has not been established yet. Further, it remains unknown whether PLE and gastrointestinal bleeding coexist independently, or protein losing is associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a 7-year-old steroid-refractory post-Fontan PLE case suggesting the latter pathogenesis together with a literature review.