Production of bioinsecticide from durian peel waste and Dioscorea hispida tuber extract by ultrasonic-assisted extraction

Abstract

A new armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is rapidly spreading and causing damage to corn crops in Indonesia, thus prompting the need to control the pest with an effective, yet environmentally friendly pest control method, such as bioinsecticide. Natural raw materials like durian peel waste and Dioscorea hispida tuber can be processed to produce a natural bioinsecticide. To discover the optimum processing condition for bioinsecticide production, research is conducted to find the effective solvent material and concentration in ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods. Durian peel waste is extracted using ethanol 30% and methanol 70% as solvents with the ratio variation of 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 1:2, 2:1. Meanwhile, Dioscorea hispida tubers are extracted with various ethanol concentrations as solvents (ethanol 50%, 70%, 80%, absolute, and distilled water). The result shows that the most effective solvent for durian peel waste extraction is a 2:1 ratio of ethanol and methanol, with the optimum yield of 12.58%. The result also shows that Dioscorea hispida tuber is best extracted with distilled water, yielding 34.70%. The efficacy test concludes that the best solvent variation for pest elimination is a 0:1 ratio of ethanol and methanol durian peel waste and ethanol 80% for Dioscorea hispida tuber. The LC-MS/MS test results identified that alkaloid, flavonoid, and fatty acid compounds potentially caused larvae mortality.