Assessment of the Smartpill, a Wireless Sensor, as a Measurement Tool for Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP)

Abstract

Background: The SmartPill, a multisensor ingestible capsule, is marketed for intestinal motility disorders. It includes a pressure sensor, which could be used to study intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) variations. However, the validation data are lacking for this use. Material and Methods: An experimental study was conducted on anesthetized pigs with stepwise variations of IAP (from 0 to 15 mmHg by 3 mmHg steps) generated by laparoscopic insufflation. A SmartPill, inserted by endoscopy, provided intragastric pressure data. These data were compensated to take into account the intrabdominal temperature. They were compared to the pressure recorded by intragastric (IG) and intraperitoneal (IP) wired sensors by statistical Spearman and Bland–Altmann analysis. Results: More than 4500 pressure values for each sensor were generated on two animals. The IG pressure values obtained with the SmartPill were correlated with the IG pressure values obtained with the wired sensor (respectively, Spearman ρ coefficients 0.90 ± 0.08 and 0.72 ± 0.25; bias of −28 ± −0.3 mmHg and −29.2 ± 0.5 mmHg for pigs 1 and 2). The intragastric SmartPill values were also correlated with the IAP measured intra-peritoneally (respectively, Spearman ρ coefficients 0.49 ± 0.18 and 0.57 ± 0.30; bias of −29 ± 1 mmHg and −31 ± 0.7 mmHg for pigs 1 and 2). Conclusions: The SmartPill is a wireless and painless sensor that appears to correctly monitor IAP variations.