The Survey and Comparison of Musculoskeletal Disorders of Shoulder, Arm and Hand in Taxi and Bus Drivers in the City of Shiraz in 2016

Abstract

Objective Musculoskeletal disorders are a wide range of symptoms including pain and disability that are re-lated to workspace and devices. Repeated activity, adopting fixed and inappropriate postures for a long time and activities including powerful movements of extremities are factors associated with WRMSDs. It seems professional drivers suffer from shoulder and upper extremities symptoms because of repetitive and long working hours with steering wheel and gear. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the shoul-der, arm, and hand disability among bus and taxi drivers. Materials & Methods This research was a cross-sectional, descriptive analytic study. In this study, the preva-lence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in the urban bus and taxi drivers was investigated and com-pared. Subjects were included 300 professional drivers aged 25-55 years (mean±SD=41.24±8.28 for bus driv-ers and 41.22±8.09 for taxi drivers) who were divided into two groups (150 bus drivers and 150 taxi drivers). The method of sampling was simple . The inclusion criteria were: two years' experience in professional driving and driving for eight hours or two four-hours a day for four days a week. Shoulder, arm, and hand disability were assessed based on DASH and a demographic questionnaire. DASH questionnaire asks about individual's symptoms (such as pain severity during sleep or activity, weakness, and stiffness) as well as their ability to perform certain activities (individuals' problem in daily activities and also social and occupational activities). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21, t-test, Chi-square, and Spearman correlation tests. Results According to statistical findings, 33.66% of taxi drivers and 33.67% of bus drivers had musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder, arm, and hand. In bus drivers, 46.66%, 48.66% and 4.66% and in taxi drivers 47.33%, 45.33%, 6.66% had no, light, and moderate problem in daily activities, respectively and just 0.66% of taxi driv-ers had severe problems in these activities. In bus drivers,32.66%, 64% and 3.33% and in taxi drivers 34.66%, 60.66% and 4.66% had no, light, and moderate symptoms, respectively. In bus drivers, 36%, 40.66%, 18%, 5.33% and in taxi drivers 36%, 41.33%, 18%, 4% had no, light, moderate and severe problems in occupational and social activities, respectively and just 0.66% of taxi drivers were unable to perform these activities. There was a correlation between work hours per week (r=0.24, P=0.003) hours of sleep per day and night (r=0.24, P=0.003) and age (r=0.16, P=0.041) with musculoskeletal disorders in bus drivers. Also, there was a correla-tion between hours of sleep per day and night and musculoskeletal disorders in taxi drivers (r=0.19, P=0.016). There was no significant difference between disability, symptoms, and function of taxi and bus drivers (P=0.97) Conclusion This study demonstrated increasing the sleep hours and decreasing the work hours per day and week can reduce the possibility of shoulder, arm, and hand symptoms. ‫اتوبوس‬ ‫و‬ ‫تاکسی‬ ‫رانندگان‬ ‫در‬ ‫دست‬ ‫و‬ ‫بازو‬ ،‫شانه‬ ‫عضالنی‬ ‫اسکلتی‬ ‫اختالالت‬ ‫مقایسه‬ ‫و‬ ‫بررسی‬ 1395 ‫سال‬ ‫در‬ ‫شیراز‬ ‫شهری‬ ‫درون‬ ‫همراه‬ ‫ناراحتی‬ ‫و‬ ‫درد‬ ‫با‬ ً ‫معموال‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫عضالنی‬ ‫اسکلتی‬ ‫های‬ ‫سندروم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬ ‫بیماری‬ ‫از‬ ‫وسیعی‬ ‫دامنه‬ ‫شامل‬ ‫عضالنی‬ ‫اسکلتی‬ ‫اختالالت‬ ‫هدف‬ ‫عضالنی‬ ‫اسکلتی‬ ‫اختالالت‬ ‫به‬ ‫منجر‬ ‫که‬ ‫عواملی‬ .‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫بدتر‬ ‫یا‬ ‫ایجاد‬ ‫کند‬ ‫می‬ ‫کار‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫فرد‬ ‫که‬ ‫محیطی‬ ‫یا‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫های‬ ‫فعالیت‬ ‫با‬ ‫و‬ ‫است‬ ،‫هاست‬ ‫اندام‬ ‫قدرتمند‬ ‫حرکات‬ ‫شامل‬ ‫که‬ ‫هایی‬ ‫فعالیت‬ ‫و‬ ‫نامناسب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ثابت‬ ‫های‬ ‫وضعیت‬ ‫اتخاذ‬ ،‫مکرر‬ ‫های‬ ‫فعالیت‬ ‫با‬ ،‫شوند‬ ‫می‬ ‫کار‬ ‫از‬ ‫ناشی‬ ‫فوقانی‬ ‫اندام‬ ‫با‬ ‫مرتبط‬ ‫عضالنی‬ ‫اسکلتی‬ ‫مشکالت‬ ‫رسد‬ ‫می‬ ‫نظر‬ ‫به‬ ،‫دنده‬ ‫و‬ ‫فرمان‬ ‫با‬ ‫رانندگان‬ ‫مدت‬ ‫طوالنی‬ ‫و‬ ‫مکرر‬ ‫کار‬ ‫دلیل‬ ‫به‬ .‫هستند‬ ‫مرتبط‬ ‫و‬ ‫تاکسی‬ ‫رانندگان‬ ‫میان‬ ‫در‬ ‫فوقانی‬ ‫اندام‬ ‫با‬ ‫مرتبط‬ ‫عضالنی‬ ‫اسکلتی‬ ‫اختالالت‬ ‫بررسی‬ ‫به‬ ‫ابتدا‬ ‫مطالعه‬ ‫این‬ ‫در‬ ‫بنابراین‬ .‫باشد‬ ‫زیاد‬ ‫ها‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ .‫پردازیم‬ ‫می‬ ‫هم‬ ‫با‬ ‫ها‬ ‫آن‬ ‫مقایسه‬ ‫سپس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اتوبوس‬ ‫رانندگان‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫فوقانی‬ ‫اندام‬ ‫عضالنی‬ ‫اسکلتی‬ ‫اختالالت‬ ‫شیوع‬ ،‫مقطعی‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫به‬ ‫که‬ ‫بود‬ ‫تحلیلی‬ ‫توصیفی‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫از‬ ‫حاضر‬ ‫مطالعه‬ ‫بررسی‬ ‫روش‬ 150(‫راننده‬ 300 ‫مطالعه‬ ‫این‬ ‫در‬ .‫است‬ ‫کرده‬ ‫مقایسه‬ ‫هم‬ ‫با‬ ‫را‬ ‫گروه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫سپس‬ ‫و‬ ‫بررسی‬ 1395 ‫سال‬ ‫در‬ ‫شیراز‬ ‫شهری‬ ‫درون‬ ‫تاکسی‬ ‫و‬ ‫اتوبوس‬ ‫و‬ 41/24±8/28 ‫اتوبوس‬ ‫رانندگان‬ ‫در‬ ‫معیار‬ ‫انحراف‬ ± ‫سن‬ ‫(میانگین‬ ‫سال‬ 55 ‫تا‬ 26 ‫سنی‬ ‫دامنه‬ ‫با‬)‫تاکسی‬ ‫راننده‬ 150 ‫و‬ ‫اتوبوس‬ ‫راننده‬ ‫دو‬ ‫حداقل‬ ‫باید‬ ‫حاضر‬ ‫رانندگان‬ ‫مطالعه‬ ‫این‬ ‫به‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫برای‬ .‫بود‬ ‫آسان‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫از‬ ‫گیری‬ ‫نمونه‬ ‫روش‬ .‫کردند‬ ‫شرکت‬)41/22±8/09 ‫تاکسی‬ ‫رانندگان‬ ‫رانندگی‬ ‫هفته‬ ‫در‬ ‫روز‬ 4 ‫و‬ ‫ساعته‬ 4 ‫شیفت‬ ‫دو‬ ‫یا‬ ‫و‬ ‫روز‬ ‫در‬ ‫ساعت‬ 8 ‫حداقل‬ ‫کدام‬ ‫هر‬ ‫و‬ ‫باشند‬ ‫داشته‬ ‫را‬ ‫رانندگی‬ ‫حرفه‬ ‫در‬ ‫کاری‬ ‫سابقه‬ ‫سال‬ .‫شد‬ ‫آوری‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫دموگرافیک‬ ‫اطالعات‬ ‫نامه‬ ‫پرسش‬ ‫و‬ ‫دست‬ ‫و‬ ‫شانه‬ ‫و‬ ‫بازو‬ ‫ناتوانی‬ ‫نامه‬ ‫پرسش‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫با‬ ‫اطالعات‬ ‫پژوهش‬ ‫این‬ ‫در‬ .‫کردند‬ ‫می‬ ‫و‬ ‫خواب‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫در‬ ‫درد‬ ‫شدت‬ ،‫روزمره‬ ‫کارهای‬ ‫انجام‬ ‫در‬ ‫فرد‬ ‫مشکل‬ ‫میزان‬ ‫سنجش‬ ‫برای‬ ‫سؤاالتی‬ ‫دست‬ ‫و‬ ‫شانه‬ ‫و‬ ‫بازو‬ ‫ناتوانی‬ ‫نامه‬ ‫پرسش‬ ‫در‬ ‫تست‬ ‫تی‬ ‫شامل‬ ‫آماری‬ ‫های‬ ‫آزمون‬ .‫است‬ ‫شده‬ ‫گنجانده‬ ‫شغلی‬ ‫و‬ ‫اجتماعی‬ ‫های‬ ‫فعالیت‬ ‫بر‬ ‫فوقانی‬ ‫اندام‬ ‫تأثیر‬ ،‫مفصل‬ ‫سفتی‬ ‫و‬ ‫ضعف‬ ،‫فعالیت‬ .‫شد‬ ‫وتحلیل‬ ‫تجزیه‬ 21 ‫نسخه‬ SPSS ‫افزار‬ ‫نرم‬ ‫با‬ ‫ها‬ ‫داده‬ .‫بود‬ ‫اسپیرمن‬ ‫همبستگی‬ ‫و‬ ‫اسکوئر‬ ‫کای‬ ،‫مستقل‬