Analysis of Surface Roughness After Ball Burnishing of Pure Titanium Under Environmentally Friendly Conditions

Abstract

This study investigates the optimization of ball burnishing parameters for enhancing the surface quality of pure Titanium (Ti) grade 2 titanium alloy under dry and Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) conditions. Using a Taguchi L18 experimental design, the research systematically examines the effects of three critical parameters: burnishing force (50–200 N), feed rate (0.5–2 mm/min), and number of passes (1–4). Surface quality was evaluated through roughness measurements (Ra and Rz values), with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) employed to determine the statistical significance of each parameter. The results demonstrate that MQL conditions consistently outperform dry burnishing, contributing 50.93% to the total variance in surface quality. The optimal surface finish (Ra = 0.306 μm) was achieved under MQL conditions with a burnishing force of 200 N, feed rate of 0.5 mm/min, and four passes. Statistical analysis revealed that the burnishing environment was the most influential factor, followed by the number of passes (23.87%) and burnishing force (9.97%). A regression model with an R-squared value of 87.66% was developed to predict surface roughness under various parameter combinations. These investigations will be helpful in the development of sustainable and efficient methods for the surface engineering of Ti-based materials for the aerospace and biomedical industries.