Precision health through prediction modelling: Factors to consider before implementing a prediction model in clinical practice

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Precision medical practice emphasises early detection, improved surveillance and prevention through targeted intervention. Prediction models can help identify high-risk individuals to be targeted for healthy behavioural changes or medical treatment to prevent disease development and assist both health professionals and patients to make informed decisions. Concerns exist regarding the adequacy, accuracy, validity and reliability of prediction models. AIM: The purpose of this study is to introduce readers to the basic concept of prediction modelling in precision health and recommend factors to consider before implementing a prediction model in clinical practice. METHODS: Prediction models developed maintaining proper process and with quality prediction and validation can be used in clinical practice to improve patient care. RESULTS: Aspects of prediction models that should be considered before implementation include: appropriateness of the model for the intended purpose; adequacy of the model; validation, face validity and clinical impact studies of the model; a parsimonious model with data easily measured in clinical settings; and easily accessible models with decision support for successful implementation. DISCUSSION: Choosing clinical prediction models requires cautious consideration and several practical factors before implementing a model in clinical practice.