Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Regulation: Keys to Understanding Plant Adaptation

Abstract

Plant secondary metabolites, particularly polyphenolic compounds, play crucial roles in plant adaptation, defense mechanisms, and environmental interactions. This diverse group of bioactive compounds, known for structural complexity, has garnered significant interest due to its potential as candidate drugs and antioxidants.Flavonoids, a subclass of polyphenols, exhibit a 15-carbon skeleton structure and are involved in various physiological activities. The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is complex, involving shikimic acid and phenylpropanoid pathways, with intricate regulation and transportation processes. Transcription factors like MYB, bHLH, and WD40-like proteins play pivotal roles in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis.Understanding the biosynthesis, regulation, and roles of these secondary metabolites provides insights into plant biology, with potential applications in drug development and health-promoting compounds.