TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN COX'S BAZAR, BANGLADESH

Abstract

This study explores the socio-economic and environmental impacts of tourism in Cox’s Bazar. One of the most popular tourist destinations with a focus on sustainable development perspectives in Bangladesh. The aim is to assess the complex interplay between socio-economic outcomes, environmental challenges, and tourism growth while exploring the potential for sustainable tourism practices through sustainable tourism development (STD) model and community-based tourism (CBT) model. A mixed-method approach was used, utilizing stakeholder interviews and thematic analysis. This methodology identified four key themes such as environmental degradation, social division, cultural destruction, and eco-tourism awareness. It provides a comprehensive view of the challenges and opportunities associated with tourism in the region. The findings reveal that tourism has significantly contributed to economic growth and cultural preservation. However, it has also resulted in several challenges related to eco-tourism awareness, such as pollution, habitat loss, rising social inequality and commodification of local culture. While tourism has driven development, these negative outcomes have raised concerns about its long-term sustainability. The research emphasizes the importance of adopting the STD model that balances economic needs with social, and environmental sustainability. Additionally, the CBT model is proposed to empower local communities, ensuring their active participation in tourism management while preserving their environmental and cultural heritage for eco-tourism. The study provides actionable recommendations for policymakers to ensure that tourism contributes to long-term economic resilience, environmental sustainability and social equity in Cox’s Bazar. These encompass policies promoting sustainable tourism, local engagement, environmental safeguards, and economic diversification to reduce dependency on tourism. Furthermore, the adoption of STD model and CBT model can guide future tourism practices, ensuring inclusivity and environmental responsibility in the region.