Biochemical and haematological safety evaluation of the ethanol extract of the stem bark of Blighia sapida using Swiss albino mice

Abstract

The ethanol extract of the stem bark of Blighia sapida was studied for its toxic effects on certain hematological and biochemical indices of the swiss albino mice. Three different concentrations of the extract were administered to different groups of the mice through their drinking water for 14 days in the sub-acute test and 28 days in the case of the chronic test. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the plant contains bioactive compounds such as saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenes, resins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, and tannins. The LD50 of the extract was determined to be 500 mg/kg body weight using the Lorke method. Other results obtained showed a significant decrease in some haematological indices such as PCV, HB, RBC, MCV, WBC, lymphocytes and platelet levels as the doses administered increased from low to high. There was also, a significant decrease in the levels of certain biochemical indices such as total protein, albumin, globulin, urea and AST, while the levels of ALT and ALP were significantly increased. The ethanol extract of the stem bark of Blighia sapida showed a slight toxicity to the swiss albino mice. It also showed ability to precipitate some level of anaemia and hepatic damage. Result obtained also confirms that the extract has anticoagulant properties. The safety implications of these effects are highlighted.